「-io, -ivi (-ii), -itum, -ere」:甲式の標準動詞
①不定詞(infinitivus)・分詞(participium)
不定詞と分詞についての一般的な説明は、A型甲式活用の対応する項を参照。態\時制 | 現在(praesens) | 完了(perfectum) | 未完了 | 過去完了 | 未来(futurum) | 前未来 |
能動態不定詞 | -ere (cupere) | -ivisse (-iisse) (cupivisse (cupiisse)) |
- | - | -iturus esse (cupiturus esse) |
- |
受動態不定詞 | -i (cupi) | -itus esse (cupitus esse) |
- | - | -itum iri (cupitum iri) |
- |
能動態分詞 | -iens (cupiens) | - | - | - | -iturus (cupiturus) | - |
受動態分詞 | - | -itus (cupitus) | - | - | -iendus (cupiendus) | - |
分詞(分詞を使う不定詞も同じ)について、上の表に示したのは男性主格単数である。分詞の格変化は下の表の通りである。但し、受動態未来分詞(ゲルン ディーウゥム)の格変化について は、⑤を参照。能動態現在分詞の格変化は、I型の「-s, -s, -s」の形容詞の格変化と同じであり、能動態未来分詞と受動態完了分詞の格変化は、OA型の格変化と同じである。
態・時制 |
能動態現在分詞 |
能動態未来分詞 | 受動態完了分詞 | |||||||
性 | 男性 | 女性 | 中性 | 男性 | 女性 | 中性 | 男性 | 女性 | 中性 | |
単数 | 主格 | -iens (cupiens) |
-iens (cupiens) |
-iens (cupiens) |
-iturus (cupiturus) |
-itura (cupitura) |
-iturum (cupiturum) |
-itus (cupitus) |
-ita (cupita) |
-itum (cupitum) |
属格 | -ientis
(cupientis) |
-ientis
(cupientis) |
-ientis
(cupientis) |
-ituri (cupituri) |
-iturae (cupiturae) |
-ituri (cupituri) |
-iti (cupiti) |
-itae (cupitae) |
-iti (cupiti) |
|
与格 | -ienti
(cupienti) |
-ienti (cupienti) |
-ienti (cupienti) |
-ituro (cupituro) |
-iturae (cupiturae) |
-ituro (cupituro) |
-ito (cupito) |
-itae (cupitae) |
-ito (cupito) |
|
対格 | -ientem
(cupientem) |
-ientem (cupientem) |
-iens (cupiens) |
-iturum (cupiturum) |
-ituram (cupituram) |
-iturum (cupiturum) |
-itum (cupitum) |
-itam (cupitam) |
-itum (cupitum) |
|
奪格 | -iente (-ienti)
(cupiente (cupienti)) |
-iente (-ienti)
(cupiente (cupienti)) |
-iente (-ienti)
(cupiente (cupienti)) |
-ituro (cupituro) |
-itura (cupitura) |
-ituro (cupituro) |
-ito (cupito) |
-ita (cupita) |
-ito (cupito) |
|
複数 | 主格 | -ientes
(cupientes) |
-ientes (cupientes) |
-ientia (cupientia) |
-ituri (cupituri) |
-iturae (cupiturae) |
-itura (cupitura) |
-iti (cupiti) |
-itae (petitae) |
-ita (cupita) |
属格 | -ientium
(cupientium) |
-ientium (cupientium) |
-ientium (cupientium) |
-iturorum (cupiturorum) |
-iturarum (cupiturarum) |
-iturorum (cupiturorum) |
-itorum (cupitorum) |
-itarum (cupitarum) |
-itorum (cupitorum) |
|
与格 | -ientibus
(cupientibus) |
-ientibus (cupientibus) |
-ientibus (cupientibus) |
-ituris (cupituris) |
-ituris (cupituris) |
-ituris (cupituris) |
-itis (cupitis) |
-itis (cupitis) |
-itis (cupitis) |
|
対格 | -ientis (-ientes)
(cupientis (cupientes)) |
-ientis (-ientes)
(cupientis (cupientes)) |
-ientia (cupientia) |
-ituros (cupituros) |
-ituras (cupituras) |
-itura (cupitura) |
-itos (cupitos) |
-itas (cupitas) |
-ita (cupita) |
|
奪格 | -ientibus
(cupientibus) |
-ientibus (cupientibus) |
-ientibus (cupientibus) |
-ituris (cupituris) |
-ituris (cupituris) |
-ituris (cupituris) |
-itis (cupitis) |
-itis (cupitis) |
-itis (cupitis) |
②現在(praesens)・完了(perfectum)
現在時制と完了時制についての一般的な説明は、A型甲式活用の対応する項を参照。態(vox) | 能動態(activa) | |||||
時制(tempus) | 現在(praesens) | 完了(perfectum) | ||||
叙法(modus) | 直説法(indicativus) | 接続法(subiunctivus) | 命令法(imperativus) | 直説法(indicativus) | 接続法(subiunctivus) | 命令法(imperativus) |
1人称単数(ego) | -io (cupio) | -iam (cupiam) | - | -ivi (-ii) (cupivi (cupii)) |
-iverim (cupivero (cupiero)) |
- |
2人称単数(tu) | -is (cupis) | -ias (cupias) | -e (cupe) | -ivisti (-iisti) (cupivisti (cupiisti)) |
-iveris (cupiveris (cupieris)) |
- |
3人称単数(is/ea/id) | -it (cupit) | -iat (cupiat) | - | -ivit (-iit) (cupivit (cupiit)) |
-iverit (cupiverit (cupierit)) |
- |
1人称複数(nos) | -imus (cupimus) | -iamus (cupiamus) | - | -ivimus (-iimus) (cupivimus (cupiimus)) | -iverimus (cupiverimus (cupierimus)) | - |
2人称複数(vos) | -itis (cupitis) | -iatis (cupiatis) | -ite (cupite) | -ivistis (-iistis)
(cupivitis (cupiitis)) |
-iveritis (cupiveritis (cupieritis)) |
- |
3人称複数(ii(ei)/eae/ea) | -iunt (cupiunt) | -iant (cupiant) | - | -iverunt (-ierunt) (cupiverunt (cupierunt)) | -iverint (cupiverint (cupierint)) |
- |
態(vox) | 受動態(passiva) | |||||
時制(tempus) | 現在(praesens) | 完了(perfectum) | ||||
叙法(modus) | 直説法(indicativus) | 接続法(subiunctivus) | 命令法(imperativus) | 直説法(indicativus) | 接続法(subiunctivus) | 命令法(imperativus) |
1人称単数(ego) | -ior (cupior) | -iar (cupiar) | - | -itus sum (cupitus sum) |
-itus sim (cupitus sim) |
- |
2人称単数(tu) | -eris (cuperis) | -iaris (cupiaris) | -ere (cupere) | -itus es (cupitus es) |
-itus sis (cupitus sis) |
- |
3人称単数(is/ea/id) | -itur (cupitur) | -iatur (cupiatur) | - | -itus est (cupitus est) |
-itus sit (cupitus sit) |
- |
1人称複数(nos) | -imur (cupimur) | -iamur (cupiamur) | - | -iti sumus (cupiti sumus) |
-iti simus (cupiti simus) |
- |
2人称複数(vos) | -imini (cupimini) | -iamini (cupiamini) | -imini (cupimini) | -iti estis (cupiti estis) |
-iti sitis (cupiti sitis) |
- |
3人称複数(ii(ei)/eae/ea) | -iuntur (cupiuntur) | -iantur (cupiantur) | - | -iti sunt (cupiti sunt) |
-iti sint (cupiti sint) |
- |
女性の場合、「-itus (cupitus)」(単数)は「-ita (cupita)」になり、「-iti (cupiti)」(複数)は「-itae (cupitae)」になる。
又、中性の場合、「-itus (cupitus)」(単数)は「-itum (cupitum)」になり、「-iti (cupiti)」(複数)は「-ita (cupita)」になる。
③未完了(imperfectum)・過去完了(plusquamperfectum)
未完了時制と過去完了時制についての一般的な説明は、A型甲式活用の対応する項を参照。態(vox) | 能動態(activa) | |||||
時制(tempus) | 未完了(imperfectum) | 過去完了(plusquamperfectum) | ||||
叙法(modus) | 直説法(indicativus) | 接続法(subiunctivus) | 命令法(imperativus) | 直説法(indicativus) | 接続法(subiunctivus) | 命令法(imperativus) |
1人称単数(ego) | -iebam (cupiebam) |
-erem (cuperem) |
- | -iveram (-ieram)
(cupiveram (cupieram)) |
-ivissem (-iissem)
(cupivissem (cupiissem)) |
- |
2人称単数(tu) | -iebas (cupiebas) |
-eres (cuperes) |
- | -iveras (-ieras)
(cupiveras (cupieras)) |
-ivisses (-iisses)
(cupivisses (cupiisses)) |
- |
3人称単数(is/ea/id) | -iebat (cupiebat) |
-eret (cuperet) |
- | -iverat (-ierat)
(cupiverat (cupierat)) |
-ivisset (-iisset)
(cupivisset (cupiisset)) |
- |
1人称複数(nos) | -iebamus (cupiebamus) |
-eremus (cuperemus) |
- | -iveramus (-ieramus)
(cupiveramus (cupieramus)) |
-ivissemus (-iissemus)
(cupivissemus (cupiissemus)) |
- |
2人称複数(vos) | -iebatis (cupiebatis) |
-eretis (cuperetis) |
- | -iveratis (-ieratis)
(cupiveratis (cupieratis)) |
-ivissetis (-iissetis)
(cupivissetis (cupiissetis)) |
- |
3人称複数(ii(ei)/eae/ea) | -iebant (cupiebant) |
-erent (cuperent) |
- | -iverant (-ierant)
(cupiverant (cupierant)) |
-ivissent (-iissent)
(cupivissent (cupiissent)) |
- |
態(vox) | 受動態(passiva) | |||||
時制(tempus) | 未完了(imperfectum) | 過去完了(plusquamperfectum) | ||||
叙法(modus) | 直説法(indicativus) | 接続法(subiunctivus) | 命令法(imperativus) | 直説法(indicativus) | 接続法(subiunctivus) | 命令法(imperativus) |
1人称単数(ego) | -iebar (cupiebar) |
-erer (cuperer) |
- | -itus eram (cupitus eram) |
-itus essem (cupitus essem) |
- |
2人称単数(tu) | -iebaris (cupiebaris) |
-ereris (cupereris) |
- | -itus eras (cupitus eras) |
-itus esses (cupitus esses) |
- |
3人称単数(is/ea/id) | -iebatur (cupiebatur) |
-eretur (cuperetur) |
- | -itus erat (cupitus erat) |
-itus esset (cupitus esset) |
- |
1人称複数(nos) | -iebamur (cupiebamur) |
-eremur (cuperemur) |
- | -iti eramus (cupiti eramus) |
-iti essemus (cupiti essemus) |
- |
2人称複数(vos) | -iebamini (cupiebamini) |
-eremini (cuperemini) |
- | -iti eratis (cupiti eratis) |
-iti essetis (cupiti essetis) |
- |
3人称複数(ii(ei)/eae/ea) | -iebantur (cupiebantur) |
-erentur (cuperentur) |
- | -iti erant (cupiti erant) |
-iti essent (cupiti essent) |
- |
女性の場合、「-itus (cupitus)」(単数)は「-ita (cupita)」になり、「-iti (cupiti)」(複数)は「-itae (cupitae)」になる。
又、中性の場合、「-itus (cupitus)」(単数)は「-itum (cupitum)」になり、「-iti (cupiti)」(複数)は「-ita (cupita)」になる。
④未来(futurum)・前未来(futurum praeteritum)
未来時制と前未来時制の一般的な説明は、A型甲式活用の対応する項を参照。態(vox) | 能動態(activa) | |||||
時制(tempus) | 未来(futurum) | 前未来(futurum praeteritum) | ||||
叙法(modus) | 直説法(indicativus) | 接続法(subiunctivus) | 命令法(imperativus) | 直説法(indicativus) | 接続法(subiunctivus) | 命令法(imperativus) |
1人称単数(ego) | -iam (cupiam) |
- | - | -ivero (-iero) (cupivero (cupiero)) |
- | - |
2人称単数(tu) | -ies (cupies) |
- | -ito (cupito) | -iveris (-ieris)
(cupiveris (cupieris)) |
- | - |
3人称単数(is/ea/id) | -iet (cupiet) |
- | -ito (cupito) | -iverit (-ierit)
(cupiverit (cupierit)) |
- | - |
1人称複数(nos) | -iemus (cupiemus) |
- | - | -iverimus (-ierimus)
(cupiverimus (cupierimus)) |
- | - |
2人称複数(vos) | -ietis (cupietis) |
- | -itote (cupitote) | -iveritis (-ieritis)
(cupiveritis (cupieritis)) |
- | - |
3人称複数(ii(ei)/eae/ea) | -ient (cupient) |
- | -iunto (cupiunto) | -iverint (-ierint)
(cupiverint (cupierint)) |
- | - |
態(vox) | 受動態(passiva) | |||||
時制(tempus) | 未来(futurum) | 前未来(futurum praeteritum) | ||||
叙法(modus) | 直説法(indicativus) | 接続法(subiunctivus) | 命令法(imperativus) | 直説法(indicativus) | 接続法(subiunctivus) | 命令法(imperativus) |
1人称単数(ego) | -iar (cupiar) |
- |
- | -itus ero (cupitus ero) |
- |
- |
2人称単数(tu) | -ieris (cupieris) |
- |
-itor (cupitor) | -itus eris (cupitus eris) |
- |
- |
3人称単数(is/ea/id) | -ietur (cupietur) |
- |
-itor (cupitor) | -itus erit (cupitus erit) |
- |
- |
1人称複数(nos) | -iemur (cupiemur) |
- |
- |
-iti erimus (cupiti erimus) |
- |
- |
2人称複数(vos) | -iemini (cupiemini) |
- |
- |
-iti eritis (cupiti eritis) |
- |
- |
3人称複数(ii(ei)/eae/ea) | -ientur (cupientur) |
- |
-iuntor (cupiuntor) |
-iti erunt (cupiti erunt) |
- |
- |
女性の場合、「-itus (cupitus)」(単数)は「-ita (cupita)」になり、「-iti (cupiti)」(複数)は「-itae (cupitae)」になる。
又、中性の場合、「-itus (cupitus)」(単数)は「-itum (cupitum)」になり、「-iti (cupiti)」(複数)は「-ita (cupita)」になる。
⑤ゲルンディウム(gerundium)・ゲルンディーウゥム(gerundivum)・スピーヌム(supinum)
ゲルンディウム・ゲルンディーウゥム・スピーヌムについての一般的な説明は、A型甲式活用の対応する項を参照。数・格\人称 | gerundium 中性 |
gerundivum 男性 |
gerundivum 女性 |
gerundivum 中性 |
supinum |
|
単数(singularis) | 主格(nominativus) | - |
-iendus (capiendus) |
-ienda (capienda) |
-iendum (capiendum) |
- |
属格(genitivus) | -iendi (capiendi) |
-iendi (capiendi) |
-iendae (capiendae) |
-iendi (capienda) |
- |
|
与格(dativus) | -iendo (capiendo) |
-iendo (capiendo) |
-iendae (capiendae) |
-iendo (capiendo) |
- |
|
対格(accusativus) | -iendum (capiendum) |
-iendum (capiendum) |
-iendam (capiendam) |
-iendum (capiendum) |
-itum (capitum) |
|
奪格(ablativus) | -iendo (capiendo) |
-iendo (capiendo) |
-ienda (capienda) |
-iendo (capiendo) |
-itu (capitu) |
|
複数(pluralis) | 主格(nominativus) | - |
-iendi (capiendi) |
-iendae (capiendae) |
-ienda (capienda) |
- |
属格(genitivus) | - |
-iendorum (capiendorum) |
-iendarum (capiendarum) |
-iendorum (capiendorum) |
- |
|
与格(dativus) | - |
-iendis (capiendis) |
-iendis (capiendis) |
-iendis (capiendis) |
- |
|
対格(accusativus) | - |
-iendos (capiendos) |
-iendas (capiendas) |
-iendos (capienda) |
- |
|
奪格(ablativus) | - |
-iendis (capiendis) |
-iendis (capiendis) |
-iendis (capiendis) |
- |
⑥この活用をする動詞
この活用をする動詞には、次のようなものがある。- cupio, cupivi (cupii), cupitum, cupere (熱望する)
- sapio, sapivi (sapii), -, sapere
(味わう・嗅ぐ、味を知っている、洞察力がある、賢明である)