「-o, -i, -itum, -ere」:乙式の標準動詞
①不定詞(infinitivus)・分詞(participium)
不定詞と分詞についての一般的な説明は、A型甲式活用の対応する項を参照。態\時制 | 現在(praesens) | 完了(perfectum) | 未完了 | 過去完了 | 未来(futurum) | 前未来 |
能動態不定詞 | -ere (credere) | -isse (credisse) |
- | - | -iturus esse (crediturus esse) |
- |
受動態不定詞 | -eri (crederi) | -itus esse (creditus esse) |
- | - | -itum iri (creditum iri) |
- |
能動態分詞 | -ens (credens) | - | - | - | -iturus (crediturus) | - |
受動態分詞 | - | -itus (creditus) | - | - | -endus (credendus) | - |
分詞(分詞を使う不定詞も同じ)について、上の表に示したのは男性主格単数である。分詞の格変化は下の表の通りである。但し、受動態未来分詞(ゲルン ディーウゥム)の格変化について は、⑤を参照。能動態現在分詞の格変化は、I型の「-s, -s, -s」の形容詞の格変化と同じであり、能動態未来分詞と受動態完了分詞の格変化は、OA型の格変化と同じである。
態・時制 |
能動態現在分詞 |
能動態未来分詞 | 受動態完了分詞 | |||||||
性 | 男性 | 女性 | 中性 | 男性 | 女性 | 中性 | 男性 | 女性 | 中性 | |
単数 | 主格 | -ens (credens) |
-ens (credens) |
-ens (credens) |
-iturus (crediturus) |
-itura (creditura) |
-iturum (crediturum) |
-itus (creditus) |
-ita (credita) |
-itum (creditum) |
属格 | -entis
(credentis) |
-entis
(credentis) |
-entis
(credentis) |
-ituri (credituri) |
-iturae (crediturae) |
-ituri (credituri) |
-iti (crediti) |
-itae (creditae) |
-iti (crediti) |
|
与格 | -enti (credenti) |
-enti (credenti) |
-enti (credenti) |
-ituro (credituro) |
-iturae (crediturae) |
-ituro (credituro) |
-ito (credito) |
-itae (creditae) |
-ito (credito) |
|
対格 | -entem
(credentem) |
-entem
(credentem) |
-ens (credens) |
-iturum (crediturum) |
-ituram (credituram) |
-iturum (crediturum) |
-itum (creditum) |
-itam (creditam) |
-itum (creditum) |
|
奪格 | -ente (-enti)
(credente (credenti)) |
-ente (-enti)
(credente (credenti)) |
-ente (-enti)
(credente (credenti)) |
-ituro (credituro) |
-itura (creditura) |
-ituro (credituro) |
-ito (credito) |
-ita (credita) |
-ito (credito) |
|
複数 | 主格 | -entes
(credentes) |
-entes
(credentes) |
-entia
(credentia) |
-ituri (credituri) |
-iturae (crediturae) |
-itura (creditura) |
-iti (crediti) |
-itae (creditae) |
-ita (credita) |
属格 | -entium
(credentium) |
-entium
(credentium) |
-entium
(credentium) |
-iturorum (crediturorum) |
-iturarum (crediturarum) |
-iturorum (crediturorum) |
-itorum (creditorum) |
-itarum (creditarum) |
-itorum (creditorum) |
|
与格 | -entibus
(credentibus) |
-entibus
(credentibus) |
-entibus
(credentibus) |
-ituris (credituris) |
-ituraris (credituris) |
-ituraris (credituris) |
-itis (creditis) |
-itis (creditis) |
-itis (creditis) |
|
対格 | -entis (-entes)
(credentis (credentes)) |
-entis (-entes)
(credentis (credentes)) |
-entia
(credentia) |
-ituros (credituros) |
-ituras (credituras) |
-itura (creditura) |
-itos (creditos) |
-itas (creditas) |
-ita (credita) |
|
奪格 | -entibus
(credentibus) |
-entibus
(credentibus) |
-entibus
(credentibus) |
-ituris (credituris) |
-ituris (credituris) |
-ituris (credituris) |
-itis (creditis) |
-itis (creditis) |
-itis (creditis) |
②現在(praesens)・完了(perfectum)
現在時制と完了時制についての一般的な説明は、A型甲式活用の対応する項を参照。態(vox) | 能動態(activa) | |||||
時制(tempus) | 現在(praesens) | 完了(perfectum) | ||||
叙法(modus) | 直説法(indicativus) | 接続法(subiunctivus) | 命令法(imperativus) | 直説法(indicativus) | 接続法(subiunctivus) | 命令法(imperativus) |
1人称単数(ego) | -o (credo) | -am (credam) | - | -i (credidi) | -erim (crediderim) | - |
2人称単数(tu) | -is (credis) | -as (credas) | -e (crede) | -isti (credidisti) | -eris (credideris) | - |
3人称単数(is/ea/id) | -it (credit) | -at (credat) | - | -it (credidit) | -erit (crediderit) | - |
1人称複数(nos) | -imus (credimus) | -amus (credamus) | - | -imus (credidimus) | -erimus (crediderimus) | - |
2人称複数(vos) | -itis (creditis) | -atis (credatis) | -ite (credite) | -istis (crediditis) | -eritis (credideritis) | - |
3人称複数(ii(ei)/eae/ea) | -unt (credunt) | -ant (credant) | - | -erunt (-ere) (crediderunt (credidere)) | -erint (crediderint) | - |
態(vox) | 受動態(passiva) | |||||
時制(tempus) | 現在(praesens) | 完了(perfectum) | ||||
叙法(modus) | 直説法(indicativus) | 接続法(subiunctivus) | 命令法(imperativus) | 直説法(indicativus) | 接続法(subiunctivus) | 命令法(imperativus) |
1人称単数(ego) | -or (credor) | -ar (credar) | - | -itus sum (creditus sum) |
-itus sim (creditus sim) |
- |
2人称単数(tu) | -eris (crederis) | -aris (credaris) | -ere (credere) | -itus es (creditus es) |
-itus sis (creditus sis) |
- |
3人称単数(is/ea/id) | -itur (creditur) | -atur (credatur) | - | -itus est (creditus est) |
-itus sit (creditus sit) |
- |
1人称複数(nos) | -imur (credimur) | -amur (credamur) | - | -iti sumus (crediti sumus) | -iti simus (crediti simus) |
- |
2人称複数(vos) | -imini (credimini) | -amini (credamini) | -imini (credimini) | -iti estis (crediti estis) |
-iti sitis (crediti sitis) |
- |
3人称複数(ii(ei)/eae/ea) | -untur (creduntur) | -antur (credantur) | - | -iti sunt (crediti sunt) |
-iti sint (crediti sint) |
- |
女性の場合、「-itus (creditus)」(単数)は「-ita (credita)」になり、「-iti (crediti)」(複数)は「-itae (creditae)」になる。
又、中性の場合、「-itus (creditus)」(単数)は「-itum (creditum)」になり、「-iti (crediti)」(複数)は「-ita (credita)」になる。
③未完了(imperfectum)・過去完了(plusquamperfectum)
未完了時制と過去完了時制についての一般的な説明は、A型甲式活用の対応する項を参照。態(vox) | 能動態(activa) | |||||
時制(tempus) | 未完了(imperfectum) | 過去完了(plusquamperfectum) | ||||
叙法(modus) | 直説法(indicativus) | 接続法(subiunctivus) | 命令法(imperativus) | 直説法(indicativus) | 接続法(subiunctivus) | 命令法(imperativus) |
1人称単数(ego) | -ebam (credebam) |
-erem (crederem) |
- | -eram (credideram) | -issem (credidissem) | - |
2人称単数(tu) | -ebas (credebas) |
-eres (crederes) |
- | -eras (credideras) | -isses (credidisses) | - |
3人称単数(is/ea/id) | -ebat (credebat) |
-eret (crederet) |
- | -erat (crediderat) | -isset (credidisset) | - |
1人称複数(nos) | -ebamus (credebamus) |
-eremus (crederemus) |
- | -eramus (credideramus) | -issemus (credidissemus) | - |
2人称複数(vos) | -ebatis (credebatis) |
-eretis (crederetis) |
- | -eratis (credideratis) | -issetis (credidissetis) | - |
3人称複数(ii(ei)/eae/ea) | -ebant (credebant) |
-erent (crederent) |
- | -erant (crediderant) | -issent (credidissent) | - |
態(vox) | 受動態(passiva) | |||||
時制(tempus) | 未完了(imperfectum) | 過去完了(plusquamperfectum) | ||||
叙法(modus) | 直説法(indicativus) | 接続法(subiunctivus) | 命令法(imperativus) | 直説法(indicativus) | 接続法(subiunctivus) | 命令法(imperativus) |
1人称単数(ego) | -ebar (credebar) |
-erer (crederer) |
- | -itus eram (creditus eram) |
-itus essem (creditus essem) |
- |
2人称単数(tu) | -ebaris (credebaris) | -ereris (credereris) | - | -itus eras (creditus eras) |
-itus esses (creditus esses) |
- |
3人称単数(is/ea/id) | -ebatur (credebatur) | -eretur (crederetur) | - | -itus erat (creditus erat) |
-itus esset (creditus esset) |
- |
1人称複数(nos) | -ebamur (credebamur) | -eremur (crederemur) | - | -iti eramus (crediti eramus) |
-iti essemus (crediti essemus) |
- |
2人称複数(vos) | -ebamini (credebamini) | -eremini (crederemini) | - | -iti eratis (crediti eratis) |
-iti essetis (crediti essetis) |
- |
3人称複数(ii(ei)/eae/ea) | -ebantur (credebantur) | -erentur (crederentur) | - | -iti erant (crediti erant) |
-iti essent (crediti essent) |
- |
女性の場合、「-itus (creditus)」(単数)は「-ita (credita)」になり、「-iti (crediti)」(複数)は「-itae (creditae)」になる。
又、中性の場合、「-itus (creditus)」(単数)は「-itum (creditum)」になり、「-iti (crediti)」(複数)は「-ita (credita)」になる。
④未来(futurum)・前未来(futurum praeteritum)
未来時制と前未来時制の一般的な説明は、A型甲式活用の対応する項を参照。態(vox) | 能動態(activa) | |||||
時制(tempus) | 未来(futurum) | 前未来(futurum praeteritum) | ||||
叙法(modus) | 直説法(indicativus) | 接続法(subiunctivus) | 命令法(imperativus) | 直説法(indicativus) | 接続法(subiunctivus) | 命令法(imperativus) |
1人称単数(ego) | -am (credam) |
- | - | -ero (credidero) |
- | - |
2人称単数(tu) | -es (credes) |
- | -ito (credito) | -eris (credideris) |
- | - |
3人称単数(is/ea/id) | -et (credet) |
- | -ito (credito) | -erit (crediderit) |
- | - |
1人称複数(nos) | -emus (credemus) |
- | - | -erimus (crediderimus) |
- | - |
2人称複数(vos) | -etis (credetis) |
- | -itote (creditote) | -eritis (credideritis) |
- | - |
3人称複数(ii(ei)/eae/ea) | -ent (credent) |
- | -unto (credunto) | -erint (crediderint) |
- | - |
態(vox) | 受動態(passiva) | |||||
時制(tempus) | 未来(futurum) | 前未来(futurum praeteritum) | ||||
叙法(modus) | 直説法(indicativus) | 接続法(subiunctivus) | 命令法(imperativus) | 直説法(indicativus) | 接続法(subiunctivus) | 命令法(imperativus) |
1人称単数(ego) | -ar (credar) |
- |
- | -itus ero (creditus ero) |
- |
- |
2人称単数(tu) | -eris (-ere) (crederis (credere)) |
- |
-itor (creditor) | -itus eris (creditus eris) | - |
- |
3人称単数(is/ea/id) | -etur (credetur) |
- |
-itor (creditor) | -itus erit (creditus erit) |
- |
- |
1人称複数(nos) | -emur (credemur) |
- |
- |
-iti erimus (crediti erimus) |
- |
- |
2人称複数(vos) | -emini (credemini) |
- |
- |
-iti eritis (crediti eritis) |
- |
- |
3人称複数(ii(ei)/eae/ea) | -entur (credentur) |
- |
-untor (creduntor) | -iti erunt (crediti erunt) |
- |
- |
女性の場合、「-itus (creditus)」(単数)は「-ita (credita)」になり、「-iti (crediti)」(複数)は「-itae (creditae)」になる。
又、中性の場合、「-itus (creditus)」(単数)は「-itum (creditum)」になり、「-iti (crediti)」(複数)は「-ita (credita)」になる。
⑤ゲルンディウム(gerundium)・ゲルンディーウゥム(gerundivum)・スピーヌム(supinum)
ゲルンディウム・ゲルンディーウゥム・スピーヌムについての一般的な説明は、A型甲式活用の対応する項を参照。数・格\人称 | gerundium 中性 |
gerundivum 男性 |
gerundivum 女性 |
gerundivum 中性 |
supinum |
|
単数(singularis) | 主格(nominativus) | - |
-endus (credendus) |
-enda (credenda) |
-endum (credendum) |
- |
属格(genitivus) | -endi (credendi) |
-endi (credendi) |
-endae (credendae) |
-endi (credenda) |
- |
|
与格(dativus) | -endo (credendo) |
-endo (credendo) |
-endae (credendae) |
-endo (credendo) |
- |
|
対格(accusativus) | -endum (credendum) |
-endum (credendum) |
-endam (credendam) |
-endum
(credendum) |
-itum (creditum) |
|
奪格(ablativus) | -endo (credendo) |
-endo (credendo) |
-enda (credenda) |
-endo (credendo) |
-itu (creditu) |
|
複数(pluralis) | 主格(nominativus) | - |
-endi (credendi) |
-endae (credendae) |
-enda (credenda) |
- |
属格(genitivus) | - |
-endorum
(credendorum) |
-endarum
(credendarum) |
-endorum (credendorum) |
- |
|
与格(dativus) | - |
-endis (credendis) |
-endis (credendis) |
-endis (credendis) |
- |
|
対格(accusativus) | - |
-endos (credendos) |
-endas (credendas) |
-endos (credenda) |
- |
|
奪格(ablativus) | - |
-endis (credendis) |
-endis (credendis) |
-endis (credendis) |
- |
⑥このパターンの活用をする動詞
このパターンの活用をする動詞には、次のようなものがある。- credo, credidi, creditum, credere (信じる)
- vendo, vendidi, venditum, vendere (売る)